Experts solve misunderstandings about hypertension and teach people to measure their blood pressure scientifically
On October 8, 2024, we will commemorate the 27th National Hypertension Day. In a recent interview, Dr. Xue Zhanyou, the head of the Neurology Department at Shanghai Donglei Brain Hospital, shed light on some widespread misconceptions about hypertension. Many individuals mistakenly believe that once they start medication, they must continue taking it for life. Others think that if they don’t feel any symptoms, they don’t have any issues, or that it’s acceptable to stop taking medication when their blood pressure appears normal. Dr. Xue pointed out that hypertension, especially essential hypertension, is a lifelong condition that currently cannot be cured and requires ongoing management.
For younger patients who have just been diagnosed, Dr. Xue emphasized the importance of early intervention through lifestyle changes and medication to effectively control blood pressure. Under medical supervision, these patients might even reduce or temporarily discontinue their medication after achieving sufficient control. He stressed that following a doctor’s guidance for medication management and making adjustments based on individual circumstances is crucial.
Dr. Xue urged the public to understand the serious risks associated with hypertension. Even if individuals do not exhibit noticeable symptoms, he advised them to seek proactive treatment to prevent severe conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, or brain hemorrhages. He also cautioned against relying solely on dietary supplements for blood pressure control, as their effectiveness has not been scientifically verified and over-dependence on them could delay necessary medical treatment. He noted that while it is vital to stick to a scientifically supported treatment plan, one should also not overlook non-pharmacological strategies like adopting healthier lifestyle habits, managing weight, and controlling other risk factors.
Often dubbed the “silent killer,” hypertension can quietly damage various organs without obvious symptoms. Elevated blood pressure poses a significant threat to critical organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in China, yet many individuals may not display significant signs in the early stages of the condition, making it a hidden danger that can only be identified through blood pressure monitoring.
Regarding self-monitoring of blood pressure, Dr. Xue recommended adhering to the “three fixed” principles: using a fixed arm, at a fixed time, and in a fixed body position to minimize measurement errors. He explained that blood pressure fluctuates throughout the day, and readings can greatly differ between morning and post-meal times. Consistency in measurement times is imperative, as is choosing the same arm for taking readings since blood pressure can vary between arms. Additionally, maintaining the same body position during measurements contributes to achieving more accurate results.
Dr. Xue offered well-researched and practical tips for hypertension prevention and control: maintain a healthy diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy; manage weight through sensible eating and regular physical activity to keep it within a healthy range; exercise regularly, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise weekly to enhance cardiovascular fitness; avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake. He encouraged individuals to manage stress through relaxation techniques and deep breathing exercises and to regularly monitor their blood pressure, especially for those with a family history of hypertension, so any problems can be promptly addressed.
“For individuals with genetic predispositions, obesity, abnormal lipid and glucose levels, poor lifestyle habits (like high salt intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, and irregular sleep), as well as pregnant women or those with a history of cerebrovascular disease or coronary heart disease, closer monitoring and management of blood pressure is essential,” Dr. Xue noted. Beyond these preventive measures, he highlighted the significance of maintaining a positive outlook, ensuring good sleep quality, and regularly tracking blood pressure. If consistently high readings are observed, he advised individuals to seek medical attention without delay.
